The British Columbia Digital
Library
Digital Library Construction Tools:
Standards
See also How-To Courses Manuals
Preservation
Software.
Standards and Guidelines Produced by Archival, Library, Museum, Academic and
Standards Organizations
- About Digital Libraries.
Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Libraries. A summary guide to the
world of digital libraries with links to key online resources. Date added:
2001-12-18.
- Building Digital Collections:
Technical Information and Background
Papers. Washington, D.C.: National Digital Library Program, Library of Congress.
This page links to documents describing the library's policies and standards
for building the multimedia American Memory Collections. Date added: 2001-12-15.
- CIMI Consortium. Halifax, NS: CIMI
Consortium. Founded in 1990, this organization's membership base is primarily
from the museum community and it is developing a set of interoperable, open
source standards for the creation and management of electronic resources
within a museum setting. Date added: 2002-09-03.
- Content
Creation. United Kingdom: The Peoples' Network. This site describes
European Union digitization programs from the perspective of the United
Kingdom and includes technical standards, guides, and best practices. Funding
for the UK's digitization efforts is primarily from its New Opportunities
Fund (NOF) which distributes National Lottery revenue. Date added: 2002-09-03.
- Digital Library Standards and Practices.
Washington, D.C.: Digital Library Federation. This page links to standards and best practices
for building and preserving multimedia digital library collections and services.
A draft benchmark for the digital reproductions of printed books and serials is
under review by DLF members. Date updated: 2001-12-16.
- Digital Toolbox. Denver, CO: Collaborative Digitization Program. Extensive array of online resources for establishing and maintaining a digital objects collection. Date added: 2001-12-15. Date updated: 2005-11-26.
- Exploring
Charging Models for Digital Cultural Heritage. Hatfield, UK: Higher
Education Digitisation Service (HEDS), University of Hertfordshire. " The study was led by Brian
Robinson, HEDS Service Manager, and the report written by Simon
Tanner (HEDS) and Marilyn Deegan (Oxford University)." Produced for the
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the study is available in HTML format or as
an Adobe Acrobat PDF file. Date accessed: 2002-09-18. Date added: 2002-09-18.
- A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections. Washington, DC:
Digital Library Forum, Institute of Museum and
Library Services, November 6, 2001. This report is intended to assist both those who are applying
for United States funding to create digital collections and those who
evaluate such applications. Date added: 2001-12-18. Date updated:
2002-10-25.
- Guidelines for Cataloging Nonserial Electronic Resources.
Ann Arbor, MI: Cataloging Policy Council, University Library, University of Michigan,
March 10, 2001. Site includes updates issued since the guidelines were released
as Adobe Acrobat PDF files. See also: Report
on Cataloging Electronic Resources. Date accessed: 2002-10-07. Date
added: 2002-10-07.
- International Coalition of Library Consortia (ICOLC).
Established as an informal organization in 1997, this organization has produced
a number of online guidelines around electronic information resources. Links
to participating library consortia are also found at this site. Date added:
2001-12-15.
- Issues
in Digitization: A Report Prepared for the Washington State Library Council,
January 5, 1999. Olympia, WA: Washington State Library. Date added:
2001-12-15.
- Managing
the Digitisation of Library, Archive and Museum Materials. NPO Preservation
Guidance, Preservation Management Series. London: National Preservation
Office, the British Library. Adobe Acrobat PDF file. Date adde: 2001-12-29.
- MCN Introduction to Search
Engines and Metadata. Aliso Viejo, CA: eSpectra, Museum Computer Network.
Date accessed: 2002-02-02. Date added: 2002-02-02.
- MCN Standards SIG.
Aliso Viejo, CA: eSpectra, Museum Computer Network. Maintained by
Rob Lancefield. Descriptive list of standards for the creation, management and
preservation of multimedia, electronic resources. Date accessed: 2002-02-02.
Date added: 2002-02-02.
- Planning Digital
Projects for Historical Collections. New York, NY: New York Public Library.
Date added:
2001-12-20.
- Report
on Cataloging Electronic Resources. Ann Arbor, MI: Cataloging Policy Council,
University Library, University of Michigan, September 2000. See also: Guidelines
for Cataloging Nonserial Electronic Resources. Date accessed: 2002-10-07.
Date added: 2002-10-07.
- Research
in Computing for Humanities: Related Links. Lexington, KY: Research
in Computing for Humanities, University of Kentucky. A wide range of links,
including ones to standards and chiefly encompassing SGML/XML tools for
encoding or marking up texts. Date accessed: 2003-04-12. Date added: 2003-04-12.
- Resources.
New York, NY: Digital Library Project, American Museum of Natural History
Library. Links to internal and external policies, standards and practices
which guided the museum during the creation of its first multimedia, online
collection about the Congo Expedition (1909-1915).
- The
RFP Writer’s Guide to Standards for Library Systems. Cynthia Hodgson.
Bethesda, Maryland: NISO Press, 2002. " This booklet is available for
free download from the NISO website (http://www.niso.org/) [as a single Adobe
Acrobat PDF file] and in hardcopy from NISO Press." This publication
discusses the importance of standards in relation to digital library initiatives.
Date accessed: 2002-12-19. Date added: 2002-12-19.
- See also TASI: Technical Advisory
Service for Images (UK).
Bibliographic (Metadata) Protocols and Standards
- Cataloging Electronic Resources: OCLC-MARC Coding Guidelines. Jay Weitz.
Revised December 6, 2001. Dublin, OH: OCLC. " This revised set of guidelines is intended to assist catalogers in creating
records for electronic resources in WorldCat, the OCLC Online Union Catalog." Includes
links to other Web-based guidelines and standards issued by OCLC and the
Library of Congress. Date added: 2001-12-15.
- Digital
Library Standards (Library of Congress). Also titled: Core Metadata
Elements. This page describes and contains links to the metadata elements used
to describe digitized collections at the Library of Congress.
" The complete set of figures from the print version are not available here.
Hypertext links to the actual publications are provided as replacements for the
missing figures."
- Digital Object Identifier
(DOI). Kidlington, Oxford, UK: International DOI Foundation. The DOI is
a system for identifying and exchanging intellectual property in the digital
environment. See also: DOI-eBook Initiative. Date
added: 2002-01-10.
- Draft Interim Guidelines for Cataloging Electronic Resources.
Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. " The purpose of the Draft Interim Guidelines
is to establish an interim set of guidelines to be used for cataloging
electronic resources in the Library of Congress based on a common conceptual
context and a common terminology. ... The one obvious lacuna in the current document is the absence of guidelines
relating to the treatment of Internet resources--particularly with respect to
which ones should be represented in the catalog, under what circumstances, and
in what detail. This is because the collection development guidelines for
remotely accessed electronic resources are only now beginning to be formulated
by staff designated for this purpose." Date added: 2001-12-15.
- Dublin Core Metadata
Initiative. International collaborative effort to establish a basic set of
descriptive elements for electronic information. Site includes links to
projects using the Dublin Core and downloadable software.
- Harmony Project.
" The Harmony Project is an international collaboration
funded by DSTC [Distributed Systems Technology Centre, Australia], JISC [Joint Information Systems Committee,
UK], and NSF [National Science Foundation, USA]
which will run for 3 years from July 1999 until June 2002. It's goal is to
investigate a number of the key issues in describing complex multimedia
resources in digital libraries." Sites includes online publications and
project outcomes, including the ABC Model and MetaNet. Date accessed: 2002-02-02.
Date added: 2002-02-02.
- IMS Schema. IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc.
The IMS (Instructional Management Systems) Schema, first posted in 1997, consists
of a metadata schema and open source, interoperability standards applied
to virtual learning (e-learning) environments. Both Sun Microsystems
and Microsoft have IMS Toolkits available for learning more about this XML-based
schema. Date accessed: 2002-02-02. Date added: 2002-02-02.
- INDECS (Interoperability of
Data in
E-Commerce
Systems). < indecs> ™
Framework Ltd. Established in 1998, this European project developed a metadata
schema to be applied to automated e-commerce systems. The non-profit company
administering the INDECS is encouraging its adoption. Date accessed: 2002-02-02.
Date added: 2002-02-02.
- ISBD(ER): International Standard
Bibliographic Description for Electronic Resources. The Hague, Netherlands: International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.
" Revised from the ISBD(CF): International Standard Bibliographic
Description for Computer Files. Originally issued by K. G. Saur, Muenchen, 1997 as Vol. 17 in the UBCIM
Publications, New Series." Date added: 2001-12-15.
- Metadata Encoding &
Transmission Standard (METS sponsored by the Digital Library Federation
and hosted by the Library of Congress). XML-based standard for " encoding
descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a
digital library." See also Metadata Object Description
Schema (MODS). Date updated: 2002-10-25.
- Metadata Engine Project
(METAe). METAe may result in a new standard for
the production and management of digital facsimiles. For further
information on METAe, select the link to jump to the Software page. Date
updated: 2002-09-08.
- Metadata: from the Dublin Core 2001 Conference.
Journal of Digital Information, vol. 2, issue 2 (January 2002).
This special issue of JDI contains selected papers from the Dublin Core
2001 Conference. Date added: 2002-01-15.
- Metadata Object Description
Schema (MODS). Washington, DC: Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress. Summary:
" ... a bibliographic element set that may be used for a variety of purposes, and
particularly for library applications. As an XML schema, the " Metadata Object
Description Schema" (MODS) is intended to be able to carry selected data from
existing MARC 21 records as well as to enable the creation of original resource
description records. It includes a subset of MARC fields and uses language-based
tags rather than numeric ones, in some cases regrouping elements from the MARC
21 bibliographic format." It can be used as an extension schema for Metadata
Encoding & Transmission Standard. See also Metadata
Encoding & Transmission Standard (METS). Date accessed: 2002-10-26. Date added: 2002-10-26.
- MetaNet.
Developed as part of the Harmony Project, MetaNet is an English language
dictionary of metadata terms. Date accessed: 2002-02-02. Date added: 2002-02-02.
- NISO/DLF Workshop on
Standards for Electronic Resource Management (Chicago, IL : May 10,
2002). This link is part of the DLF Electronic Resource Management Initiative Steering Group's
electronic resource management site.
Date accessed: 2002-10-10. Date added: 2002-10-10.
- Open
Archival Information System. NASA. The official Web site. NASA developed
OAIS in response to an ISO call for a long-term digital preservation
strategy. OAIS is also being adopted by various digital libraries and is
a key component of the joint
Research Libraries Group-OCLC digital preservation initiative. See also
Open Archives Initiative. Date added: 2002-05-08.
- Open Archival Information
System (OAIS) Resources. Mountain View, CA: Research Libraries Group.
- Open
Archives Forum. Funded by the Information Society Technologies Programme (IST), the
OAF is " ... a Europe-based focus for dissemination of information about European activity
related to open archives and, in particular, to the Open Archives Initiative. ...
The partners of OAF are: University of Bath-UKOLN (United Kingdom), Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie
della Informazione-CNR (Italy) and Computing Center of Humboldt University (Germany)."
Date accessed: 2002-10-10. Date added: 2002-10-10.
- Open Archives Initiative
Metadata Harvesting
Project. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. One of
seven metadata harvesting projects financed by the Andrew Mellon Foundation,
this project is building tools " designed to search metadata describing selected manuscript archives and
digitized cultural heritage information resources." See also: UIUC
Cultural Heritage Repository (search engine). Date accessed: 2002-04-04.
Date added: 2002-04-04.
- Open Archives Initiative
is supported by the Digital Library Federation and the Coalition for Networked
Information. According to its FAQ, the OAI " develops and promotes
interoperability standards that aim to facilitate the efficient dissemination
of content" , primarily content found in e-print archives. The Open Archives
Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting Protocol Version 1.0 is the first
deliverable of this project. See also Open
Archival Information System. Date updated: 2002-05-08.
- Open Citation
Project (OpCit) is a jointly funded Anglo-American project which utilizes
the Open Archives Initiative. The project is based at the University of
Southampton and one of its first software solutions is distributed under
the name eprints.org.
Date added: 2001-12-18.
- SCHEMAS:
Forum for Metadata Schema Implementers. Information Society Technologies (IST)
Programme, European Commission, February 2000-December 2001. The SCHEMAS Registry
of metadata initiatives was superseded by the CORES Project.
Date accessed: 2002-12-23. Date added: 2002-12-23.
- USIN.org
(British Columbia, Canada). Promotes the use of the Bibliographic Protocol
(BibP) and Universal Serial Item Numbers (USIN) for linking to and searching
published books, papers and articles. BibP client and server software is
available and under development for various computer hardware/software
platforms. A prototype server is available to demonstrate searches by
BibP:ISBN, BibP:ISSN, BibP:NBN (National Bibliography Number), and BibP:RDNS
(Resource Domain Name System). BibP appears to be functionally similar to the
Z39.50 (ISO 23950) Information Retrieval protocol. BibP is also designed
through the Bibhost server to provide a simple method for permanent, reference
linking to publications within a specific Internet domain.
- VRA Core. Missouri:
Data Standards
Committee, Visual Resources Association. Descriptive tool used to " create records to describe works of visual culture as well as the
images that document them." Date accessed: 2002-02-02. Date added:
2002-02-02.
- A Web Hub for Developing Administrative Metadata for Electronic Resource Management. DLF Electronic Resource Management Initiative Steering Group. Hosted by Cornell University Library. This Digital Library Federation group is developing standards for the acquisition and licensing of electronic publications (journals, monographs, databases and others). The
DLF co-sponsored a pre-standardization
workshop with the National Information Standards Organization on May
10, 2002. Date accessed: 2002-10-10. Date added: 2002-10-10.
Digital Facsimiles (Imaging/Scanning/eBooks)
Digital Facsimiles: Imaging/Scanning
- Digital Formats for Content Reproductions.
Carl Fleischhauer. Washington, D.C.: National Digital Library Program, Library
of Congress, July 13, 1998. " This document and two others have been prepared, in part, to offer guidance to
applicants in the Library of Congress/Ameritech competition. The other two
documents are Digital Historical Collections: Types,
Elements, and Construction and Access Aids and Interoperability."
See also Building Digital Collections.
Date added: 2001-12-15.
- Technical Recommendations for Digital Imaging Projects.
Prepared by the Image Quality Working Group of ArchivesCom,
a joint Libraries/AcIS committee. New York, NY: Columbia University. Last revised April 2, 1997.
Date added: 2001-12-15.
Digital Facsimiles: Post-Production
- Digital Page Imaging and
SGML: An Introduction to the Electronic Binding DTD (Berkeley Digital
Library SunSITE). The Ebind DTD was developed at the University of California,
Berkeley, in 1996, and provides a method for using SGML to create a digital
book in a high-volume digital production facility.
Link to BC Digital Library eBooks shelf
with
guides to free eBook collections, standards information, and vendors of proprietary eBook-creation and viewing software.
Internet/Web Protocols
For Internet protocols and standards see the
Internet Society (ISOC) Web site.
For Semantic Web protocols and standards see the
Semantic Web (World-Wide Web Consortium)
Web site. Date accessed: 2002-02-02. Date added: 2002-02-02.
For World-Wide Web protocols and standards see the World-Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web site.
Text Encoding/Markup
- Corpus Encoding Standard
(CES) (Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards [EAGLES]). Based
on SGML and TEI, this standard is used for encoding linguistic texts (corpora)
for use in text databases and natural language processing applications. XCES is
the XML version of CES. Links are found here to large-scale projects using CES
such as MULTEXT, MULTEXT-EAST, and PAROLE Corpora.
- DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML).
Established in August 2000, this program's goal is to develop a language and tools to facilitate the
concept of the Semantic Web. This semantic markup language for Web resources
is currently known as DAML+OIL. See also: International Semantic Web Conference
in Bibliographic
Resources: Conferences (Selected) Semantic
Web. Date added: 2002-01-16.
- International Organization for
Standardization (ISO, Switzerland) is the owner of SGML, the Standardized
General Markup Language, from which all current generations of textual encoding
and markup languages have evolved.
- Resource Description Framework
(RDF). World-Wide Web Consortium. " ...Using XML as an interchange syntax
... the RDF specifications provide a lightweight ontology system to
support the exchange of knowledge on the Web." See also: Semantic
Web. Date accessed: 2002-02-02. Date added: 2002-02-02.
- Research
in Computing for Humanities: Related Links. Lexington, KY: Research
in Computing for Humanities, University of Kentucky. A wide range of links,
including ones to standards and chiefly encompassing SGML/XML tools for
encoding or marking up texts. Date accessed: 2003-04-12. Date added: 2003-04-12.
- Text Encoding Initiative (TEI)
Consortium. International organization, incorporated in the United States,
which coordinates TEI-based markup based on SGML. The TEI Consortium offers
free software tools, how-to tutorials, links to TEI projects, n electronic
edition of their standard, Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and
Interchange (1999), also known as TEI P3, and the Pizza
Chef which allows anyone to create their own TEI-conformant document type definition (DTD) in either SGML or XML format. TEI is a rigorous text markup standard and
was developed to serve humanities scholars and linguists.
Date updated: 2001-12-15.
- World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), an international body headquartered in the United States,
coordinates and produces guidelines, tools, software, and the specifications
for hypertext markup languages such as HTML, XHTML and XML, all based on SGML,
which are the lingua franca behind the Web. Date updated:
2002-02-02.
Compiled by David
Mattison, Victoria Telecommunity
Network, BC. Copyright © 2000-2011 by the
BC Community Network Association. This
site may be freely linked to but not duplicated in any fashion without the
consent of the BCCNA.